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Servos (Servo-Mechanisms) are THE choice of hobbyists today as the the main motive force (prime mover) behind their robots and vehicles. Servos come in many sizes, however their style and electronics is almost universal among the different manufacturers.
Servos work by comparing the difference (error) between the input (desired position) and the output (actual position.)
The servo constantly moves to reduce this error to null (zero.)
The bigger the error, the faster the servo moves. This feedback and compare scheme is called a closed-loop system.
Traditionally an R/C (Radio Control) receiver provided the input to the servo, however, in robotics this input is usually provided by a microcontroller (such as a PIC.)
An internal DC (direct current) motor drives the output (coupled to a gearbox to reduce RPM [rotations-per-minute] and increase torque.)
A potentiometer (pot) is also connected to the output to provide the aforementioned feedback to the comparing circuit.
New: Software, Monster Servos (various items), Servo Erector Set (various items), and Power Transmission (various items.)
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